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  2. Terrain cartography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrain_cartography

    The United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographical survey maps included contour representation of relief, and so maps that show relief, especially with exact representation of elevation, came to be called topographic maps (or "topo" maps) in the United States, and the usage has spread internationally.

  3. Geography of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States

    The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and maritime borders with Russia, Cuba, the Bahamas, and many other countries, mainly in the Caribbean [note 2] in addition to Canada and Mexico. The northern border of the United States with Canada is the world's longest bi-national land border.

  4. Glossary of landforms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_landforms

    Interfluve – Land between two converging, or confluent, rivers; Inverted relief – Landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features; Island – Piece of subcontinental land surrounded by water; Islet – Very small island; Isthmus – Narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas

  5. Topography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topography

    Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the landforms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps. Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary science and is concerned with local detail in general, including not only relief , but also natural ...

  6. Geology of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_the_United_States

    Differences in roughness (topographic relief) result from a variety of processes acting on the underlying rock. The plate tectonic history of a region strongly influences the rock type and structure exposed at the surface, but differing rates of erosion that accompany changing climates can also have profound impacts on the land. [1]

  7. Glossary of geography terms (A–M) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

    This glossary of geography terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in geography and related fields, including Earth science, oceanography, cartography, and human geography, as well as those describing spatial dimension, topographical features, natural resources, and the collection, analysis, and visualization of geographic ...

  8. Topographic map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_map

    The various features shown on the map are represented by conventional signs or symbols. For example, colors can be used to indicate a classification of roads. These signs are usually explained in the margin of the map, or on a separately published characteristic sheet. [17] [18] [19] Topographic maps are also commonly called contour maps or ...

  9. Quadrangle (geography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrangle_(geography)

    A "quadrangle" is a topographic map produced by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) covering the United States. The maps are usually named after local physiographic features. The shorthand "quad" is also used, especially with the name of the map; for example, "the Ranger Creek, Texas quad".