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Severe swelling of the lymph nodes, and/or; Richter transformation [16] As of 2024, first-line treatment for CLL involves the use of targeted biological therapy. [16] Other treatment options include: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, bone marrow transplantation, and supportive or palliative care. [16]
Patients normally present with painless, swollen lymph nodes, often in the neck, armpit, or groin. [1] Some have swollen lymph nodes inside their body, such as in the chest or abdomen, which can go undetected until they become very large and cause symptoms like cough or abdominal pain.
[3] [13] [14] Diagnosis, if enlarged lymph nodes are present, is usually by lymph node biopsy. [1] [2] Blood, urine, and bone marrow testing may also be useful in the diagnosis. [2] Medical imaging may then be done to determine if and where the cancer has spread. [1] [2] Lymphoma most often spreads to the lungs, liver, and brain. [1] [2]
The presentation of EBV+ HL is similar to that of EBV-HL, e.g. fever, night sweats, weight loss in the setting of swollen lymph nodes, and/or evidence of tumor invasion of other tissues. Treatment of the EBV+ HD is also similar to EBV- HD and offers cure rates approaching 90%, [ 16 ] although some population based studies have found a higher ...
Localized or specific adenopathy often occur in clusters or groups of lymph nodes that can migrate to various areas of the body. Lymph nodes are distributed within all areas of the body and when enlarged, reflect the location of lymphatic drainage. The node appearance can range from tender, fixed or mobile and discrete or matted together. [4]
Lymphadenopathy: The most common symptom of Hodgkin is the painless enlargement of one or more lymph nodes. [14] The nodes may also feel rubbery and swollen when examined. The nodes of the neck, armpits and groin (cervical and supraclavicular) are most frequently involved (80–90% of the time, on average). [14]
The presence of swollen inguinal lymph nodes is an important clinical sign because lymphadenopathy (swelling) may indicate an infection, or spread as a metastasis from cancers, such as anal cancer and vulvar cancer. Inguinal lymph nodes may normally be up to 2 cm. [1] The cut-off value for normal sized inguinal nodes is up to 10 mm. [6]
Aggressive lymphoma, also known as high-grade lymphoma, is a group of fast growing non-Hodgkin lymphoma. [1]There are several subtypes of aggressive lymphoma. These include AIDS-associated lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. [1]
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