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In geometry, a triangle center or triangle centre is a point in the triangle's plane that is in some sense in the middle of the triangle. For example, the centroid , circumcenter , incenter and orthocenter were familiar to the ancient Greeks , and can be obtained by simple constructions .
The center of the incircle is a triangle center called the triangle's incenter. [1] An excircle or escribed circle [2] of the triangle is a circle lying outside the triangle, tangent to one of its sides and tangent to the extensions of the other two. Every triangle has three distinct excircles, each tangent to one of the triangle's sides. [3]
The Cartesian coordinates of the incenter are a weighted average of the coordinates of the three vertices using the side lengths of the triangle relative to the perimeter—i.e., using the barycentric coordinates given above, normalized to sum to unity—as weights. (The weights are positive so the incenter lies inside the triangle as stated ...
Centroid of a triangle. In mathematics and physics, the centroid, also known as geometric center or center of figure, of a plane figure or solid figure is the arithmetic mean position of all the points in the surface of the figure. [further explanation needed] The same definition extends to any object in -dimensional Euclidean space. [1]
In geometry, Euler's theorem states that the distance d between the circumcenter and incenter of a triangle is given by [1] [2] = or equivalently + + =, where and denote the circumradius and inradius respectively (the radii of the circumscribed circle and inscribed circle respectively).
The circumcenter is the point of intersection between the three perpendicular bisectors of the triangle's sides, and is a triangle center. More generally, an n -sided polygon with all its vertices on the same circle, also called the circumscribed circle, is called a cyclic polygon , or in the special case n = 4 , a cyclic quadrilateral .
If a non-zero f has both these properties it is called a triangle center function. If f is a triangle center function and a, b, c are the side-lengths of a reference triangle then the point whose trilinear coordinates are f(a,b,c) : f(b,c,a) : f(c,a,b) is called a triangle center.
Let ABC be a plane triangle and let x : y : z be the trilinear coordinates of an arbitrary point in the plane of triangle ABC.. A straight line in the plane of ABC whose equation in trilinear coordinates has the form (,,) + (,,) + (,,) = where the point with trilinear coordinates (,,): (,,): (,,) is a triangle center, is a central line in the plane of ABC relative to ABC.