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A third-party source is one that is entirely independent of the subject being covered, e.g., a newspaper reporter covering a story that they are not involved in except in their capacity as a reporter. The opposite of a third-party source is a first-party or non-independent source. [1]
Circular reporting is a situation where multiple sources appear to be independent, but in reality originate from a single source. Because circular reporting can happen inadvertently in many situations, extra care must be taken to ensure that multiple sources actually are independent, rather than interconnected in an obscure manner.
Although third-party sources are often also independent (that is, without a conflict of interest), it is not always the case. An independent source is a source that has no vested interest in a written topic and therefore it is commonly expected to describe the topic from a disinterested perspective.
While many self-published sources happen to be unreliable, the mere fact that it is self-published does not prove this. A self-published source can be independent, authoritative, high-quality, accurate, fact-checked, and expert-approved. Self-published sources can be reliable, and they can be used (but not for third-party claims about living ...
A variety of source types will be appropriate for most articles, and the type of source appropriate in one part of an article may be different from the type of source that is appropriate for a different part of the article. It is a third-party or independent source, with no significant financial or other conflict of interest.
Wikipedia:Party and person {} —to flag something as suspected of being incorrect {{Primary source inline}} —for inappropriate use of primary sources (including independent primary sources) {{Independent source inline}} —to identify individual statements that should be supported by non-self-published, independent sources
Tertiary sources are publications, such as encyclopedias, that sum up secondary sources, and sometimes primary sources. Wikipedia is a tertiary source. Wikipedia is a tertiary source. What if a self-published source disagrees with a third-party reliable source?
Murray v. United States, 487 U.S. 533 (1988), was a United States Supreme Court decision that created the modern "independent source doctrine" exception to the exclusionary rule. The exclusionary rule makes most evidence gathered through violations of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution inadmissible in criminal trials as ...