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A range war, also known as range conflict or cattle war, is a type of usually violent conflict, most commonly in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the American West. The subject of these conflicts was control of " open range ", or range land freely used for cattle grazing, or as sheep pasture , which gave these conflicts its name.
The sheep wars, [1] [2] or the sheep and cattle wars, [3] [4] were a series of armed conflicts in the Western United States fought between sheepmen and cattlemen over grazing rights. Sheep wars occurred in many western states, though they were most common in Texas , Arizona , and the border region of Wyoming and Colorado .
This event, the "Great Chihuahua Cattle Drive," was the largest cattle drive attempted over that trail up to that time, but the market was much better in Kansas than in Mexico, so most drives headed north. [14] By 1867, a cattle shipping facility owned by Joseph G. McCoy opened in Abilene, Kansas. [15]
The cattle drives have been a popular topic among Western genre movies. At least 27 movies have portrayed fictional accounts of the first drive along the Chisholm Trail, including The Texans (1938), directed by James P. Hogan and starring Randolph Scott and Joan Bennett ; and Red River (1948), directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Wayne ...
Historically, cattle grazed, mostly unattended, on the open range before being rounded up and driven to market. In present times in early summer, cattle are released onto U.S. Forest Service or Bureau of Land Management lands, where the rancher pays the U.S. government for a lease, often of multiple sections of land. Most public land is still ...
Cattle drives involved cowboys on horseback moving herds of cattle long distances to market. Cattle drives were at one time a major economic activity in the American West , particularly between the years 1866-1895, when 10 million cattle were herded from Texas to railheads in Kansas for shipments to stockyards in Chicago and points east.
The 2014 Bundy standoff was an armed confrontation between supporters of cattle rancher Cliven Bundy and law enforcement following a 21-year legal dispute in which the United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) obtained court orders directing Bundy to pay over $1 million in withheld grazing fees for Bundy's use of federally owned land ...
Throughout most of human prehistory and history, the primary means of livestock transportation was by droving.The reason was usually either for seasonal grazing movement (to move them to a summer grazing range or to move them to an overwintering range or shelter) or to bring them to market of one form or another, whether bartering livestock (between farmers) or selling them (whether as stores ...