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In abstract algebra, congruence relations on the underlying set of an algebra allow the algebra to induce an algebra on the equivalence classes of the relation, called a quotient algebra. In linear algebra , a quotient space is a vector space formed by taking a quotient group , where the quotient homomorphism is a linear map .
The row and column indices of nonwhite cells are the related elements, while the different colors, other than light gray, indicate the equivalence classes (each light gray cell is its own equivalence class). In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
The congruence relation is an equivalence relation. The equivalence class modulo m of an integer a is the set of all integers of the form a + k m, where k is any integer. It is called the congruence class or residue class of a modulo m, and may be denoted as (a mod m), or as a or [a] when the modulus m is known from the context.
Then the equivalence class of some function g is determined by its value at 0, and the quotient space C[0,1]/M is isomorphic to R. If X is a Hilbert space , then the quotient space X / M is isomorphic to the orthogonal complement of M .
For a given congruence ~ on A, the set A / ~ of equivalence classes can be given the structure of an algebra in a natural fashion, the quotient algebra. The function that maps every element of A to its equivalence class is a homomorphism, and the kernel of this homomorphism is ~. The lattice Con(A) of all congruence relations on an algebra A is ...
In mathematics, the result of the modulo operation is an equivalence class, and any member of the class may be chosen as representative; however, the usual representative is the least positive residue, the smallest non-negative integer that belongs to that class (i.e., the remainder of the Euclidean division). [2]
These Calculators Make Quick Work of Standard Math, Accounting Problems, and Complex Equations. Stephen Slaybaugh, Danny Perez, Alex Rennie. May 21, 2024 at 2:44 PM.
Elementary equivalence; Equals sign; Equality (mathematics) Equality operator; Equipollence (geometry) Equivalence (measure theory) Equivalence class; Equivalence of categories; Equivalence of metrics; Equivalence relation; Equivalence test; Equivalent definitions of mathematical structures; Equivalent infinitesimal; Equivalent latitude ...