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The Golden Horde and its tributaries in 1313 under Öz Beg Khan Alexander Nevsky and a Mongol shaman. The subjects of the Golden Horde included the Russians, Armenians, Georgians, Circassians, Alans, Crimean Greeks, Crimean Goths, Bulgarians, and Vlachs. The objective of the Golden Horde in conquered lands revolved around obtaining recruits for ...
Map of the Golden Horde during the Great Troubles and Tokhtamysh–Timur war. Sarai, Sighnaq, Crimea, Bolghar and Mukhsha became strongholds of various factions during the war, while vassal Rus' principalities frequently changed sides. In 1361, a descendant of Shiban (5th son of Jochi), was invited by some grandees to seize the throne. Khidr ...
When the Golden Horde was founded, it was jointly ruled by two separate wings. The right wing in the west was ruled by Batu Khan and his descendants. The left wing in the east, also known as the "Blue Horde" by the Russians or the "White Horde" by the Timurids , was ruled by four Jochid khans under Orda Khan .
The Golden Horde and its tributaries in 1313 under Özbeg Khan Map of Europe circa 1444, showing the Golden Horde and successor khanates, the Principality of Moscow, the Novgorod Republic, and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Historians have debated the long-term influence of Mongol rule on society. [3]
After the killing of Khan Berdi Beg of the Golden Horde in 1359, the Great Troubles had arisen there. Warlord Mamai, who was the son-in-law and beylerbey of Berdi Beg, soon took power in the western part of the Golden Horde. Mamai enthroned Abdullah Khan in 1361 and after his mysterious death in 1370, Muhammad Bolak was enthroned. [20]
In traditional historiography on Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, the impact of Turco-Mongol rule by the Golden Horde and its successor states (traditionally called the "Tatar yoke" or "Mongol yoke") has been neglected or downplayed, with Imperial Russian historiography of the 18th century expressing European superiority over Muslims, nomads, and ...
Russia’s forerunner, Muscovy owed its rise in the 13th century to the role of a tax collector for the Golden Horde, allowing its princes to amass wealth and outmaneuver rivals. In contrast, Kyiv ...
In the late 1370s and early 1380s, Timur helped Tokhtamysh assume supreme power in the White Horde against Tokhtamysh's uncle Urus Khan.After this Tokhtamysh united the White and Blue Hordes, reuniting the Golden Horde, and launched a massive military punitive campaign against the Russian principalities between 1381 and 1382, restoring Turco-Mongol power in Russia after the defeat in the ...