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Ion Antonescu (/ ˌ æ n t ə ˈ n ɛ s k uː /; Romanian: [i'on antoˈnesku] ⓘ; 14 June [O.S. 2 June] 1882 – 1 June 1946) was a Romanian military officer and marshal who presided over two successive wartime dictatorships as Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II.
Antonescu and Adolf Hitler at the Führerbau in Munich (June 1941).. In the immediate wake of the loss of Northern Transylvania, on 4 September 1940, the Iron Guard (led by Horia Sima) and General (later Marshal) Ion Antonescu united to form the "National Legionary State", which forced the abdication of Carol II in favor of his 19-year-old son Michael.
The coup also marked the last instance when Romania's actions significantly influenced the wider course of the war. [6] Romanian and Soviet soldiers shaking hands in Bucharest after the coup, 30 August 1944. The coup sped the Red Army's advance into Romania. [7] Romanian historians claimed that the coup shortened the war by as much as "six months."
Following the 1937 Romanian general election, Goga was appointed prime minister on 28 December 1937. His term ended on 10 February 1938. During his cabinet's brief rule, antisemitic laws were introduced and Romania's foreign policy was shifted towards Germany, Italy, and Japan. [4] Goga's cabinet was divided between pro-Western and pro-Axis ...
The main cause of its abandonment was the visit of Romanian leader Ion Antonescu with German leader Adolf Hitler on 26–28 February. Antonescu refused to relinquish his territorial claims on Hungary, so he was not asked to participate in Margarethe I. Hitler, however, was reassured that Romania had no intention of defecting. [7]
After the Armistice of Cassibile in September 1943, Romania became the second Axis power in Europe. [9] Hungarian-American historian John Lukacs praised the August 1944 coup, writing: "In August 1944, the Rumanians executed the most successful coup d'etat during World War II. With an entire German Army in their midst, they turned around within ...
Romanian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference of 1946 (20 P) R. Romanian World War II resistance members (2 C, 17 P) ... Romanian women in World War II (13 P) T.
Romania declared war on the British Empire on 6 December 1941 and on the United States on 12 December. The British returned the war declaration that December. The following summer, June 4, 1942 the United States Congress passed joint resolutions declaring war on Romania along with Hungary and Bulgaria., [2] Two American allies, Nicaragua and Haiti, declared war on Romania on 19 and 24 December ...