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Thorium dioxide (ThO 2), also called thorium(IV) oxide, is a crystalline solid, often white or yellow in colour. Also known as thoria, it is mainly a by-product of lanthanide and uranium production. [4] Thorianite is the name of the mineralogical form of thorium dioxide. It is moderately rare and crystallizes in an isometric system.
Thorianite is a rare thorium oxide mineral, ThO 2. [5] It was originally described by Ananda Coomaraswamy in 1904 as uraninite, [6] but recognized as a new species by Wyndham R. Dunstan. [7] It was so named by Dunstan on account of its high percentage of thorium; it also contains the oxides of uranium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium.
This is an extended version of the energy density table from the main Energy density page: ... Water 220.64 bar, 373.8 °C ... Silver-oxide [19]
New York: The International Nickel Company, Inc., 1941: 16. — "Values ranging from 21.3 to 21.5 gm/cm 3 at 20 °C have been reported for the density of annealed platinum; the best value being about 21.45 gm/cm 3 at 20 °C." 21.46 g/cm 3 — Rose, T. Kirke. The Precious Metals, Comprising Gold, Silver and Platinum. New York: D. Van Nostrand ...
Two radiometric dating methods involve thorium isotopes: uranium–thorium dating, based on the decay of 234 U to 230 Th, and ionium–thorium dating, which measures the ratio of 232 Th to 230 Th. [e] These rely on the fact that 232 Th is a primordial radioisotope, but 230 Th only occurs as an intermediate decay product in the decay chain of ...
Table of specific heat capacities at 25 °C (298 K) unless otherwise noted. [citation needed] Notable minima and maxima are shown in maroon. Substance Phase Isobaric mass heat capacity c P J⋅g −1 ⋅K −1 Molar heat capacity, C P,m and C V,m J⋅mol −1 ⋅K −1 Isobaric volumetric heat capacity C P,v J⋅cm −3 ⋅K −1 Isochoric ...
For example, thorium perchlorate is very water-soluble and crystallises from acidic solutions as the tetrahydrate Th(ClO 4) 4 •4H 2 O, while thorium nitrate forms tetra- and pentahydrates, is soluble in water and alcohols, and is an important intermediate in the purification of thorium and its compounds. [25]
Thorium has a characteristic terrestrial isotopic composition and thus a standard atomic weight can be given. Thirty-one radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 232 Th, 230 Th with a half-life of 75,380 years, 229 Th with a half-life of 7,917 years, [ 2 ] and 228 Th with a half-life of 1.92 years.