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The Quran was canonized only after Muhammad's death in 632 CE. According to Islamic tradition the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 23/644–35 AH/655 CE) established the canonical Qur'an, reportedly starting the process in 644 CE, [6] and completing the work around 650 CE (the exact date was not recorded by early Arab annalists). [7]
The Kitāb al-Fihrist (Arabic: كتاب الفهرست) is a compendium of the knowledge and literature of tenth-century Islam referencing approx. 10,000 books and 2,000 authors. [14] This crucial source of medieval Arabic -Islamic literature, informed by various ancient Hellenic and Roman civilizations, preserves from his own hand the names of ...
Quranic studies employs the historical-critical method (HCM) as its primary methodological apparatus, which is the approach that emphasizes a process that "delays any assessment of scripture’s truth and relevance until after the act of interpretation has been carried out". [1]
The Review of Religions was established by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in 1902 with the express purpose of disseminating Islamic teachings in the English language. The periodical had three main goals: to inspire new Muslim converts in the Western world who may have felt isolated and reinvigorate their efforts in propagating Islam; to convey a clear understanding of Islam to non-Muslim intellectuals ...
According to Syrian philosopher Hashim Saleh, it is the "most important book of the 21st century." [26] However, an Iranian Shiite preacher criticized the work, accusing it of being part of a Western conspiracy to destroy Islam. [27] In contrast, a Moroccan writer accused the book of being a Shia propaganda directed against Sunni Islam. [28]
[6] What he compiled/did Al-Dhahabī mentioned the following of Ibn Mājah's works: [4] Sunan Ibn Mājah: one of the six canonical collections of hadith; Kitāb al-Tafsīr: a book of Qur'an exegesis; Kitāb al-Tārīkh: a book of history or, more likely, a listing of hadith transmitters; The last two, though praised by scholars, have been lost. [7]
The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam is a compilation of lectures delivered by Muhammad Iqbal on Islamic philosophy which got published in 1930. These lectures were delivered by Iqbal in Madras, Hyderabad, and Aligarh. The last chapter, "Is Religion Possible", was added to the book from the 1934 Oxford Edition onwards.
Ibn Taymiyah, Al-Jawāb al-Ṣaḥīḥ li-man baddala dīn al-Masīh (Literally, "The Correct Response to those who have Corrupted the Deen (Religion) of the Messiah"; A Muslim theologian's response to Christianity) – Seven Volumes. In modern critical editions it amounts to more than 2000 pages.