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South Low Franconian (also: East Low Franconian) is a subgroup of the Continental West Germanic dialect continuum. South Low Franconian varieties are spoken in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands and are commonly referred to as " Limburgish " in Belgium and the Netherlands.
South Low Franconian occupies a special position among the Low Franconian subgroups, since it shares several linguistic features with Ripuarian dialects spoken to the southeast, such as the conditioned split of the West Germanic diphthongs *ai and *au (e.g. in Roermonds *ai splits to /eː/ and /ɛi/, *au to /oː/ and /ɔu/), which apart from ...
The South Franconian dialects are colloquially referred to by their speakers as "Badian" in the Badian parts, and as "Unterländisch" (the Unterland being the region around Heilbronn) or "Swabian" (because of strong influences from the capital Stuttgart, where Swabian dialects are spoken) in the Württembergian parts of Baden-Württemberg.
South Low Franconian (Südniederfränkisch, Zuidnederfrankisch) is the term used by dialectologists in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands to describe the dialect group that encompasses the Limburgish varieties of Belgian and Dutch Limburg, and also the closely related dialects in adjacent areas in Belgium (e.g. Eupen in Liège Province) and ...
Low Franconian (Dutch: Nederfrankisch) language area in the South and West of the Netherlands (first map to the left). Dutch Low Saxon (Dutch: Nedersaksisch) language area in the east of the Netherlands (second map to the left): in Groningen, Drenthe, Overijssel, major parts of Gelderland, and parts of Flevoland, Friesland and Utrecht.
The Duisburg dialect shared with South Low Franconian the High German split of Proto-West Germanic (PWGmc) closing diphthongs *ai – *au – *au (+ umlaut) (cf. Middle High German (MHG) ê – ô – ö̂ vs. ei – ou – öü, as in modern German Schnee 'snow' vs Stein 'stone'), and did not take part in *ai-umlaut that split PWGmc *ai into ...
The language (or set of dialects) spoken by the Salian Franks during this period is sometimes referred to as early "Old Low Franconian", and consisted of two groups: "Old West Low Franconian" and "Old East Low Franconian". The language (or set of dialects) spoken by the Ripuarian Franks are referred to just as Old Franconian dialects (or, by ...
Most Bergish dialects retain MHG ei – ou – öü as diphthongs, in contrast to Ripuarian and South Low Franconian dialects immediately west of the Bergish area, while MHG ê – ô – ö̂ are raised to high vowels or high falling diphthongs ([iː] or [iə]/[iɒ] etc.) in the whole Bergish area except for a small pocket around Werden.