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Kon-Boot can change Windows passwords due to embedded Sticky-Keys [19] feature. For example after successful Windows boot with Kon-Boot user can tap SHIFT key 5 times and Kon-Boot will open a Windows console window running with local system privileges. Fully working console can be used for a variety of purposes.
[8] [14] NGSCB has yet to fully materialize; however, aspects of it are available in features such as BitLocker of Windows Vista, Measured Boot and UEFI of Windows 8, [15] Certificate Attestation of Windows 8.1, [16] Device Guard of Windows 10. [17] and Device Encryption in Windows 11 Home editions, with TPM 2.0 mandatory for installation.
When used in conjunction with a compatible Trusted Platform Module (TPM), BitLocker can validate the integrity of boot and system files before decrypting a protected volume; an unsuccessful validation will prohibit access to a protected system. [6] [7] BitLocker was briefly called Secure Startup before Windows Vista's release to manufacturing. [6]
A common purpose of cold boot attacks is to circumvent software-based disk encryption. Cold boot attacks when used in conjunction with key finding attacks have been demonstrated to be an effective means of circumventing full disk encryption schemes of various vendors and operating systems, even where a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) secure cryptoprocessor is used.
In case of physical access, computers with TPM 1.2 are vulnerable to cold boot attacks as long as the system is on or can be booted without a passphrase from shutdown, sleep or hibernation, which is the default setup for Windows computers with BitLocker full disk encryption. [66]
Challenge–response password recovery mechanism allows the password to be recovered in a secure manner. It is offered by a limited number of disk encryption solutions. Some benefits of challenge–response password recovery: No need for the user to carry a disc with recovery encryption key. No secret data is exchanged during the recovery process.
The Security Account Manager (SAM) is a database file [1] in Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, 8.1, 10 and 11 that stores users' passwords. It can be used to authenticate local and remote users. Beginning with Windows 2000 SP4, Active Directory authenticates remote users.
Modern boot loaders make use of concurrency, meaning they can run multiple processor cores, and threads at the same time, which add extra layers of complexity to secure booting. Matthew Garrett argued that booting security serves a legitimate goal but in doing so chooses defaults that are hostile to users. [76]