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A topographic map of Stowe, Vermont with contour lines This false-color satellite image illustrates topography of the urban core of the New York metropolitan area, with Manhattan at its center. Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces.
Topographic maps are also commonly called contour maps or topo maps. In the United States, where the primary national series is organized by a strict 7.5-minute grid, they are often called or quads or quadrangles. Topographic maps conventionally show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines.
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographical survey maps included contour representation of relief, and so maps that show relief, especially with exact representation of elevation, came to be called topographic maps (or "topo" maps) in the United States, and the usage has spread internationally.
In the future, a good way to follow should be to start a methodical project, based on the German Location map initiative, working continent after continent and country after country, to provide a complete set of SVG topographic maps, respecting these topographic conventions. To learn. Several tutorials are now available, on wiki-en, wiki-fr ...
A topographic profile or topographic cut or elevation profile is a representation of the relief of the terrain that is obtained by cutting transversely the lines of a topographic map. Each contour line can be defined as a closed line joining relief points at equal height above sea level. [ 1 ]
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth' μορφή (morphḗ) 'form' and λόγος 'study') [2] is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface.
Aerial photographs can be used to help study, recognize, and classify landforms, which refers to the topographical characteristics created by the environmental systems. [1] They usually contain some distinct components and sets of features. [1] Certain fundamental spatial distributions of features are used to distinguish different landforms. [1]
For example, large rocks above the soil surface do not normally appear on topographic maps but can be important features on many orienteering maps. New features such as fence lines can be important navigational aids and may also affect route choice. Orienteering maps include these new features.