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The hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes) is a passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is the only species placed in the genus Coccothraustes . Its closest living relatives are the genus Eophona of East Asia, and Hesperiphona of Central and North America.
Eophona migratoria breeds in temperate forests and winters in southern parts of China and Japan, Taiwan and northern Southeast Asia.The nest is cup-shaped and is built by the female among the trees, in the thickest vegetation: inside it usually lays 4 bluish eggs with brown spots, which it hatches alone (with the male who provides it with food) to 12-13 days.
The evening grosbeak breeds in coniferous and mixed forests across Canada, the western mountainous areas of the United States, and Mexico. Its migration pattern is variable, sometimes reaching as far south as the southern U.S. in winters. These birds forage in trees and bushes, and their diet mainly consists of seeds, berries, and insects.
The name Fringillidae for the finch family was introduced in 1819 by the English zoologist William Elford Leach in a guide to the contents of the British Museum. [3] [4] The taxonomy of the family, in particular the cardueline finches, has a long and complicated history.
The alternate subspecies (E. p. magnostris) is completely migratory, breeding around the Amur, Ural and Manchurian regions and then wintering down in Hebei and Beijing, uncommonly ranging south towards North Korea.
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[2] [3] [4] As such, there is no simple accepted definition of migration. [5] One of the most commonly used definitions, proposed by the zoologist J. S. Kennedy [ 6 ] is Migratory behavior is persistent and straightened-out movement effected by the animal's own locomotory exertions or by its active embarkation on a vehicle.