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  2. Basic norm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_norm

    'Basic norm ' (German: Grundnorm) is a concept in the Pure Theory of Law created by Hans Kelsen, a jurist and legal philosopher. Kelsen used this word to denote the basic norm, order, or rule that forms an underlying basis for a legal system.

  3. Pure Theory of Law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_Theory_of_Law

    Pure Theory of Law is a book by jurist and legal theorist Hans Kelsen, first published in German in 1934 as Reine Rechtslehre, and in 1960 in a much revised and expanded edition. The latter was translated into English in 1967 as Pure Theory of Law. [1] The title is the name of his general theory of law, Reine Rechtslehre.

  4. H. L. A. Hart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._L._A._Hart

    In a simple society, Hart states, the recognition rule might only be what is written in a sacred book or what is said by a ruler. Hart claimed the concept of rule of recognition as an evolution from Hans Kelsen's ' basic norm ' (German: Grundnorm). The Rule of Change, the rule by which existing primary rules might be created, altered or deleted.

  5. Hans Kelsen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Kelsen

    The second edition appeared in English translation in 1967, as Pure Theory of Law. [ 40 ] [ 41 ] The current translation of the second edition, in omitting many footnotes, obscures the extent to which the Pure Theory is both philosophically grounded and responsive to earlier theories of law; a new translation is in preparation.

  6. Legal norm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_norm

    A legal norm is a binding rule or principle, or norm, that organisations of sovereign power promulgate and enforce in order to regulate social relations.Legal norms determine the rights and duties of individuals who are the subjects of legal relations within the governing jurisdiction at a given point in time.

  7. Pacta sunt servanda - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacta_sunt_servanda

    Pacta sunt servanda [1] ("agreements must be kept.") is a brocard and a fundamental principle of law which holds that treaties or contracts are binding upon the parties that entered into the treaty or contract. [2]

  8. Black's Law Dictionary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black's_Law_Dictionary

    The first edition was published in 1891 by West Publishing, with the full title A Dictionary of Law: containing definitions of the terms and phrases of American and English jurisprudence, ancient and modern, including the principal terms of international constitutional and commercial law, with a collection of legal maxims and numerous select titles from the civil law and other foreign systems.

  9. Bilingual dictionary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilingual_dictionary

    A bilingual dictionary or translation dictionary is a specialized dictionary used to translate words or phrases from one language to another. Bilingual dictionaries can be unidirectional , meaning that they list the meanings of words of one language in another, or can be bidirectional , allowing translation to and from both languages.