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Erythema nodosum (EN) is an inflammatory condition characterized by inflammation of subcutaneous fat tissue, resulting in painful red/blue lumps or nodules that are usually seen symmetrically on both shins, on the thighs, arms, and elsewhere. [1] It can be caused by a variety of conditions but 20 to 50% of cases are idiopathic.
A blue nevus is a type of coloured mole, typically a single well-defined blue-black bump. [1] [2] The blue colour is caused by the pigment being deep in the skin. [4] Diagnosis is by visualisation and dermoscopy. [4] A biopsy is sometimes performed, or the whole lesion surgically removed. [3]
They usually occur just under the skin, but occasionally may be deeper. [1] Most are less than 5 cm (2.0 in) in size. [2] Common locations include upper back, shoulders, and abdomen. [4] It is possible to have several lipomas. [3] The cause is generally unclear. [1] Risk factors include family history, obesity, and lack of exercise.
Scar tissue can feel like hard, flat lumps directly under the skin. Painful arousals. Pain occurs in about 20 to 70 percent of men with Peyronie’s disease during the acute phase.
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) (literally: 'painful blue inflammation'), not to be confused with preceding phlegmasia alba dolens, is an uncommon severe form of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) that obstructs blood outflow from a vein. Upper extremity PCD is less common, occurring in under 10% of all cases. [1]
Nodules are small firm lumps usually greater than 1 cm in diameter, found in skin and other organs. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If filled with fluid they are usually softer and referred to as cysts . [ 2 ] Smaller (less than 0.5 cm) raised soft tissue bumps may be termed papules .
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Bruise colors vary from red, blue, or almost black, depending on the severity of broken capillaries or blood vessels within the bruise site. Broken venules or arterioles often result in a deep blue or dark red bruise, respectively. Darker colored bruises may result from a more severe bleeding from both blood vessels.