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Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood. It can be confused with hemoptysis (coughing up blood) or epistaxis (nosebleed), which are more common. The source is generally the upper gastrointestinal tract , typically above the suspensory muscle of duodenum .
Endoscopic image of a posterior wall duodenal ulcer with a clean base, which is a common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Specialty: Gastroenterology: Symptoms: Hematemesis (vomiting blood), coffee ground vomiting, melena, hematochezia (maroon-coloured stool) in severe cases
Causes of lower GI bleeds include: hemorrhoids, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease among others. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] Small amounts of bleeding may be detected by fecal occult blood test. [ 1 ] Endoscopy of the lower and upper gastrointestinal tract may locate the area of bleeding. [ 1 ]
Blood in stool looks different depending on how early it enters the digestive tract—and thus how much digestive action it has been exposed to—and how much there is. The term can refer either to melena, with a black appearance, typically originating from upper gastrointestinal bleeding; or to hematochezia, with a red color, typically originating from lower gastrointestinal bleeding. [6]
Causes in the digestive tract. Gastritis (inflammation of the gastric wall) [18] Gastroenteritis; Gastroesophageal reflux disease; Celiac disease [19] Non-celiac gluten sensitivity [20] Pyloric stenosis (in babies, this typically causes a very forceful "projectile vomiting" and is an indication for urgent surgery) Bowel obstruction; Overeating ...
Treatments include dietary recommendations such as eating more fiber and probiotics or reducing the consumption of fatty foods and caffeine. Laxatives are also commonly recommended to improve IBS ...
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Melena is a form of blood in stool which refers to the dark black, tarry feces that are commonly associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. [1] The black color and characteristic strong odor are caused by hemoglobin in the blood being altered by digestive enzymes and intestinal bacteria.