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London had a system of night policing in place before 1660, although it was improved over the next century through better lighting, administrations, finances, and better and more regular salaries. But the essential elements of the night-watch were performing completely by the middle of the seventeenth century. [29]
The Statute of Winchester of 1285 (13 Edw. 1.St. 2; Latin: Statutum Wynton̄), also known as the Statute of Winton, was a statute enacted by King Edward I of England that reformed the system of Watch and Ward of the Assize of Arms of 1252, and revived the jurisdiction of the local courts.
Stubbs saw the significance of the writ of ordinance as the bringing together of two separate but long-standing modes of ensuring peace and defence, [7] expanding the 1181 Assize of Arms by adding the system of watch and ward, and pointing the way forward to subsequent legislation along similar lines by Edward I and Henry IV. [8]
The system of police, which in some places was still medieval in character [10] as a town watch, was modernised along the lines of the Peel reforms for constabulary [citation needed] placed under the control of the council. The various privileged areas within the bounds of a borough were with few exceptions made part of the borough.
In medieval Europe, many castles and manor houses, or similar fortified buildings, were equipped with watchtowers. [6] In some of the manor houses of western France, the watchtower equipped with arrow or gun loopholes was one of the principal means of defense. A feudal lord could keep watch over his domain from the top of his tower.
Keys for some types of warded locks often have a characteristic symmetrical shape. The one on the right is a skeleton key. A warded lock (also called a ward lock) is a type of lock that uses a set of obstructions, or wards, to prevent the lock from opening unless the correct key is inserted.
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The Statute of Westminster of 1285, also known as the Statute of Westminster II or the Statute of Westminster the Second, [1] like the Statute of Westminster 1275, is a code in itself, and contains the famous clause De donis conditionalibus, [2] one of the fundamental institutes of the medieval land law of England.