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Expressed emotion (EE), is a measure of the family environment that is based on how the relatives of a psychiatric patient spontaneously talk about the patient. [1] It specifically measures three to five aspects of the family environment: the most important are critical comments, hostility, emotional over-involvement, with positivity and warmth sometimes also included as indications of a low ...
Many of the participants consisted of ex-patients of mental institutions who felt the need to challenge the system's treatment of the mentally ill. [1] Initially, this movement targeted issues surrounding involuntary commitment, use of electroconvulsive therapy, anti-psychotic medication, and coercive psychiatry. [ 1 ]
Based on evidence of variable quality, ICM is effective in helping many outcomes relevant to people with severe mental illness. Compared to standard care, ICM may reduce hospitalization and increase retention in care. It also globally improved people's functioning socially, but ICM's effect on mental state and quality of life remains unclear.
Researchers found that people worldwide live 9.6 years longer than they are healthy — and in the U.S. the gap is more than 12 years. The U.S. has the biggest lifespan-health span gap in the world.
In Europe and North America, the trend of putting the mentally ill into mental hospitals began as early as the 17th century, [4] [unreliable source?] and hospitals often focused more on "restraining" or controlling inmates than on curing them, [5] although hospital conditions improved somewhat with movements for human treatment, such as moral management.
There was also a gender gap, with women experiencing more years in poor health than men. "Worldwide, women live longer than men, but exhibit a 2.4-year-wider healthspan-lifespan gap," said Terzic.
Some mental health academics and campaigners have argued that deinstitutionalisation was well-intentioned for trying to make patients less dependent on psychiatric care, but in practice patients were still left being dependent on the support of a mental healthcare system, a phenomenon known as "reinstitutionalisation" [5] [52] or ...
A large meta-analysis revealed that lack of social relationships can influence mortality risk just as much as smoking and alcohol consumption—even more so than well-established risk factors like ...