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Triclocarban has been used as an antimicrobial and antifungal compound since the 1960s. [5] It was commonly found in personal care products as an antimicrobial in soaps, lotions, deodorants, toothpaste, and plastic. [6] As of 2005 about 80% of all antimicrobial bar soap sold in the United States contained triclocarban. [5]
Antifungal medications that target ergosterol synthesis are selectively toxic to the fungi, hence, killing and stopping the growth of fungi in the body. When ergosterol is damaged, it causes the contents inside the fungal cells to leak out, preventing further reproduction of fungal cells. Lastly, antifungal agents contribute to fungal cell death.
Tolnaftate [1] sold under the brand name TAGRID among, others is a synthetic thiocarbamate used as an anti-fungal agent that may be sold without medical prescription in most jurisdictions. It is supplied as a cream, powder, spray, liquid, and liquid aerosol . [ 2 ]
The rising fungal resistance to fluconazole and related azole drugs spurs the need to find effective combative solutions swiftly. Rising resistance raises concerns since fluconazole is commonly used due to its inexpensiveness and ease of administration, according to the World Health Organization.
Antimicrobial use has been common practice for at least 2000 years. Ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks used specific molds and plant extracts to treat infection. [5]In the 19th century, microbiologists such as Louis Pasteur and Jules Francois Joubert observed antagonism between some bacteria and discussed the merits of controlling these interactions in medicine. [6]
Antifungal resistance is a subset of antimicrobial resistance, that specifically applies to fungi that have become resistant to antifungals. Resistance to antifungals can arise naturally, for example by genetic mutation or through aneuploidy. Extended use of antifungals leads to the development of antifungal resistance through various ...
Ketoconazole has activity against many kinds of fungi that may cause human disease, such as Candida, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, and Blastomyces (although it is not active against Aspergillus), chromomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis. [23] [13] First made in 1977, [20] ketoconazole was the first orally-active azole antifungal medication. [23]
Bifonazole (trade name Canespor among others [1]) is an imidazole antifungal drug used in form of ointments. It was patented in 1974 and approved for medical use in 1983. [2] There are also combinations with carbamide for the treatment of onychomycosis.
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