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The Byzantine Papacy was a period of return to Imperial domination of the papacy from 537 to 752, when popes required the approval of the Byzantine Emperors for episcopal consecration, and many popes were chosen from the apocrisiarii (liaisons from the pope to the emperor) or the inhabitants of Byzantine Greece, Syria, or Sicily.
Pope Innocent I (Latin: Innocentius I) was the bishop of Rome from 401 to his death on 12 March 417. From the beginning of his papacy, he was seen as the general arbitrator of ecclesiastical disputes in both the East and the West.
Saint Peter, the first Pope, with the Keys of Heaven.By Francesco del Cossa, currently at the Pinacoteca di Brera.. Papacy in early Christianity was the period in papal history between 30 AD, when according to Catholic doctrine, Saint Peter effectively assumed his pastoral role as the Visible Head of the Church, until the pontificate of Miltiades, in 313, when Peace in the Church began.
According to numerous records of the early Church Fathers, Peter was present in Rome, was martyred there, and was the first bishop of Rome. Dogma and traditions of the Catholic Church maintain that he served as the bishop of Rome for 25 years until 67 AD when he was martyred by Nero [7] (further information: Great Fire of Rome).
Pope John XVIII (Latin: Ioannes XVIII; died June or July 1009) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from January 1004 (25 December 1003 NS) to his abdication in July 1009.
Orthodoxy and the Roman papacy: Ut Unum Sint and the prospects of East-West unity. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 978-0-268-02607-3. Chapman, John (1928). Studies on the early Papacy. London: Sheed & Ward. OCLC 422117622. Empie, Paul C.; Murphy, T. Austin, eds. (1974). Papal primacy and the universal church. Lutherans and ...
The meeting of Attila (left with barbarian troops) with Pope Leo I (right), the most notable pope of late antiquity. By Raphael, 1514. The Papacy in late antiquity was a period in papal history between 313, when the Peace in the Church began, and the pontificate of Simplicius in 476, when the Roman Empire of the West fell.
Pope Adrian I (Latin: Hadrianus I; 700 – 25 December 795) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 1 February 772 until his death. [1] He was the son of Theodore, a Roman nobleman. Adrian and his predecessors had to contend with periodic attempts by the Lombards to expand their holdings in Italy at the expense of the papacy.