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Petroleum geology is the study of the origins, occurrence, movement, accumulation, and exploration of hydrocarbon fuels. It refers to the specific set of geological disciplines that are applied to the search for hydrocarbons ( oil exploration ).
In geology, a petroleum play, or simply a play, is a group of oil fields or prospects in the same region that are controlled by the same set of geological circumstances. [1] The term is widely used in the realm of exploitation of hydrocarbon-based resources. The play cycle normally exhibits the following steps:
A petroleum geologist is an earth scientist who works in the field of petroleum geology, which involves all aspects of oil discovery and production. Petroleum geologists are usually linked to the actual discovery of oil and the identification of possible oil deposits, gas caps, or leads. It can be a very labor-intensive task involving several ...
Petrology (from Ancient Greek πέτρος (pétros) ' rock ' and -λογία ' study of ') is the branch of geology that studies rocks, their mineralogy, composition, texture, structure and the conditions under which they form. [1] Petrology has three subdivisions: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary petrology. [2]
Petroleum [a] is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture. It consists mainly of hydrocarbons, [1] and is found in geological formations. The term petroleum refers both to naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil, as well as to petroleum products that consist of refined crude oil.
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust .
Petroleum geology is an interdisciplinary field composed of geophysics, geochemistry, and paleontology. [27] The main focus of petroleum geology is the exploration and appraisal of reservoirs containing hydrocarbons via technical forms of analysis. [27]
In petroleum geology, source rock is rock which has generated hydrocarbons or which could generate hydrocarbons. [1] Source rocks are one of the necessary elements of a working petroleum system. They are organic-rich sediments that may have been deposited in a variety of environments including deep water marine, lacustrine and deltaic.