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In natural language processing, a word embedding is a representation of a word. The embedding is used in text analysis.Typically, the representation is a real-valued vector that encodes the meaning of the word in such a way that the words that are closer in the vector space are expected to be similar in meaning. [1]
The word with embeddings most similar to the topic vector might be assigned as the topic's title, whereas far away word embeddings may be considered unrelated. As opposed to other topic models such as LDA , top2vec provides canonical ‘distance’ metrics between two topics, or between a topic and another embeddings (word, document, or otherwise).
fastText is a library for learning of word embeddings and text classification created by Facebook's AI Research (FAIR) lab. [3] [4] [5] [6] The model allows one to ...
Other self-supervised techniques extend word embeddings by finding representations for larger text structures such as sentences or paragraphs in the input data. [9] Doc2vec extends the generative training approach in word2vec by adding an additional input to the word prediction task based on the paragraph it is within, and is therefore intended ...
An alternative direction is to aggregate word embeddings, such as those returned by Word2vec, into sentence embeddings. The most straightforward approach is to simply compute the average of word vectors, known as continuous bag-of-words (CBOW). [9] However, more elaborate solutions based on word vector quantization have also been proposed.
ELMo (embeddings from language model) is a word embedding method for representing a sequence of words as a corresponding sequence of vectors. [1] It was created by researchers at the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence , [ 2 ] and University of Washington and first released in February, 2018.
Neural machine translation (NMT) is an approach to machine translation that uses an artificial neural network to predict the likelihood of a sequence of words, typically modeling entire sentences in a single integrated model.
BERT considers the words surrounding the target word fine from the left and right side. However it comes at a cost: due to encoder-only architecture lacking a decoder, BERT can't be prompted and can't generate text , while bidirectional models in general do not work effectively without the right side, thus being difficult to prompt.