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Inhibitory control, also known as response inhibition, is a cognitive process – and, more specifically, an executive function – that permits an individual to inhibit their impulses and natural, habitual, or dominant behavioral responses to stimuli (a.k.a. prepotent responses) in order to select a more appropriate behavior that is consistent with completing their goals.
Inhibitory control and working memory are among the earliest executive functions to appear, with initial signs observed in infants, 7 to 12 months old. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] Then in the preschool years, children display a spurt in performance on tasks of inhibition and working memory, usually between the ages of 3 and 5 years.
Self-control is an aspect of inhibitory control, one of the core executive functions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Executive functions are cognitive processes that are necessary for regulating one's behavior in order to achieve specific goals .
A lack of inhibitory control can lead to difficulties in motor, attentional, and behavioral control. Inhibitory control is also involved in the process of helping humans correct, react, and improve social behavior. [15] A lack of inhibitory control can be connected with several mental disorders including behavioral inhibition, attention deficit ...
Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) or conditioned pain modulation (CPM) refers to an endogenous pain modulatory pathway which has often been described as "pain inhibits pain". [1] It occurs when response from a painful stimulus is inhibited by another, often spatially distant, noxious stimulus.
Behavioral control is an important application of cognitive inhibition in behavioral psychology, as is emotional control. Depression is an example of cognitive inhibition failure in emotion control. Correctly functioning cognitive inhibition would result in reduced selective attention to negative stimuli and retention of negative thoughts.
Thus indicating that the more conflict presented on trial n, the more control expressed on trial n + 1. [ 8 ] This process leads to an interaction called the Gratton effect, which is the finding of a lower interference effect after an incongruent trial compared to the effect after a congruent trial.
Similar techniques in this field include thermogenetics and optogenetics, the control of neurons with temperature or light, respectively. [2] Viral expression of DREADD proteins, both in-vivo enhancers and inhibitors of neuronal function, have been used to bidirectionally control behaviors in mice (e.g odor discrimination). [20]