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Chariot: From chariot to tank, the astounding rise and fall of the world's first war machine. Woodstock & New York: The Overlook Press, 2005 (ISBN 1-58567-667-5). Crouwel, Joost H. Chariots and other means of land transport in Bronze Age Greece (Allard Pierson Series, 3).
Chariots, much faster than foot-soldiers, pursued and dispersed broken enemies to seal the victory. Egyptian light chariots contained one driver and one warrior; both might be armed with bow and spear. In ancient Egypt, members of the chariot corps formed their own aristocratic class known as the maryannu (young heroes).
After the victory of Alexander the Great against the Achaemenid empire, that still fielded armies with large chariot contingents, and the developments in horse riding, chariots fell out of favour throughout the Mediterranean. [3] While in India the adoption of the war elephant largely supplanted the use of chariots in battles. [5]
Reconstruction of full chariot setup in the Milwaukee Public Museum, 2022. A study of Tutankhamun's chariots from 2000 found that the structure of the wheels, the spokes, the materials chosen for the sleeve bearings, the use of animal fat for lubrication and the design as a whole are remarkable, being comparable to European carts of the 19th century AD. [4]
Miniature bronze chariot with an axe, Han dynasty Scythed Chinese chariot axle Chariot parts, Zhou dynasty. In ancient China the chariot was used in a primary role from the time of the Shang dynasty until the early years of the Han dynasty (c. 1200–200 BCE) when it was replaced by cavalry and fell back into a secondary support role.
Current research indicates that the Garamantes had about eight major towns, three of which have been examined as of 2004. In addition they had a large number of other settlements. Garama had a population of around four thousand and another six thousand living in villages within a 5 km radius. Up to 50,000 people could have lived in the whole wadi.
The Monteleone chariot is an Etruscan chariot dated to c. 530 BC, considered one of the world's great archaeological finds. It was uncovered in 1902 in Monteleone di Spoleto , Umbria , Italy , in an underground tomb covered by a mound, and is currently a major attraction in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City .
The date used as the end of the ancient era is arbitrary. The transition period from Classical Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages is known as Late Antiquity.Late Antiquity is a periodization used by historians to describe the transitional centuries from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages, in both mainland Europe and the Mediterranean world: generally from the end of the Roman Empire's ...