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All two letter prefixes are reserved for the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, followed by an identifier assigned by that country's national library authority. Global-level identifiers can also be assigned, which are not associated with a particular country, e.g. 'oclc-' for the OCLC .
The Electronic Product Code is one of the industrial standards for global RFID usage, and a core element of the EPCglobal Network, [3] an architecture of open standards developed by the GS1 EPCglobal community. Most currently deployed EPC RFID tags comply with ISO/IEC 18000-6C for the RFID air interface standard.
Since 2004, a number of U.S. hospitals have begun implanting patients with RFID tags and using RFID systems; the systems are typically used for workflow and inventory management. [ 92 ] [ 93 ] [ 94 ] The use of RFID to prevent mix-ups between sperm and ova in IVF clinics is also being considered.
Instruction code - indicates the specific command, e.g., "select", "write data" P1-P2 2 Instruction parameters for the command, e.g., offset into file at which to write the data L c: 0, 1 or 3 Encodes the number (N c) of bytes of command data to follow 0 bytes denotes N c =0 1 byte with a value from 1 to 255 denotes N c with the same length
Cards may be Type A and Type B, both of which communicate via radio at 13.56 MHz (RFID HF). The main differences between these types concern modulation methods, coding schemes (Part 2) and protocol initialization procedures (Part 3).
The technical concept of animal identification described is based on the principle of radio-frequency identification (RFID). ISO 11785 is applicable in connection with ISO 11784 which describes the structure and the information content of the codes stored in the transponder.
The following tables list smart cards used for public transportation and other electronic purse applications. A related contactless technology is RFID (radio frequency identification). In certain cases, it can be used for applications similar to those of contactless smart cards, such as for electronic toll collection. RFID devices usually do ...
In 1976, the original 12-digit code was expanded to 13 digits, which allowed the identification system to be used outside the U.S. In 1977, the European Article Numbering Association (EAN) was established in Brussels, with founding members from 12 countries.