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Examples of previous direct communist or socialist party rule in non-socialist multi-party democracies include: Republic of San Marino (Sammarinese Communist Party, 1945–1957, 1978–1990) Indonesia (Socialist Party, 1945–1948) Union of Burma (Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, 1948–1962)
The following communist states were socialist states committed to communism. Some were short-lived and preceded the widespread adoption of Marxism–Leninism by most communist states. Russia. Chita Republic (1905–1906) Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991) Amur Socialist Soviet Republic (1918)
Many other communist parties did not govern any country, but did govern a state or region within a country. Others have also been represented in national, state, or regional parliaments. Some communist parties and schools of thought reject parliamentarism, instead advocating insurrection or social revolution as well as workers' councils.
[3] [4] During the later part of the 20th century, before the Revolutions of 1989, around one-third of the world's population lived in communist states. [5] Communist states are typically authoritarian and are typically administered through democratic centralism by a single centralised communist party apparatus.
World communism, also known as global communism or international communism, is a form of communism placing emphasis on an international scope rather than being individual communist states. The long-term goal of world communism is an unlimited worldwide communist society that is classless, moneyless, stateless, and nonviolent, which may be ...
Public memory of 20th-century Communist states has been described as a battleground between the communist-sympathetic or anti-anti-communist political left and the anti-communism of the political right. [50] Critics of communism on the political right point to the excess deaths under Communist states as an indictment of communism as an ideology.
A communist revolution is a proletarian revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism. [1] Depending on the type of government, the term socialism can be used to indicate an intermediate stage between capitalism and communism and may be the goal of the revolution, especially in Marxist–Leninist ...
The communist left in Italy was formed during World War I in organizations like the Italian Socialist Party and the Communist Party of Italy. The Italian left considers itself to be Leninist in nature, but denounces Marxism–Leninism as a form of bourgeois opportunism materialized in the Soviet Union under Stalin .