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The interviewer is considered a part of the measurement instrument and has to be well trained in how to respond to any contingency. Compared to a mail questionnaire, interviews are a more personal form of research method because the interviewer works directly with the interviewee, has the opportunity to probe, and can follow up on responses.
Used in qualitative research, the interviews involve a group of people who are asked about their perceptions, attitudes, opinions, beliefs, and views regarding many different topics (e.g., abortion, political candidates or issues, a shared event, needs assessment). Group members are often free to talk and interact with each other.
Research interviews are an important method of data collection in qualitative research. An interviewer is usually a professional or paid researcher, sometimes trained, who poses questions to the interviewee, in an alternating series of usually brief questions and answers, to elicit information.
Additionally, a researcher can bring biases to the table based on the researcher's mental state, their preparedness for conducting the research, and the researcher conducting inappropriate interviews. [19] Interviewers can use various practices known in qualitative research to mitigate interviewer bias.
The interview is synchronous if it is conducted in real time. Skype interviews allow participants and researchers to converse in real time. Video chat is the closest a researcher will get towards resembling a face-to-face interview. [6]
A structured interview (also known as a standardized interview or a researcher-administered survey) is a quantitative research method commonly employed in survey research. The aim of this approach is to ensure that each interview is presented with exactly the same questions in the same order.
The interviewer in a semi-structured interview generally has a framework of themes to be explored. [1] Semi-structured interviews are widely used in qualitative research; [2] for example in household research, such as couple interviews. A semi-structured interview involving, for example, two spouses can result in "the production of rich data ...
Research has identified five dimensions of interview anxiety: communication anxiety, social anxiety, performance anxiety, behavioral anxiety and appearance anxiety. [152] Further research shows that both the interviewer and applicant agree that speaking slowly is a clear sign of interview anxiety.