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Since 7 October 2024, Python 3.13 is the latest stable release, and it and, for few more months, 3.12 are the only releases with active support including for bug fixes (as opposed to just for security) and Python 3.9, [54] is the oldest supported version of Python (albeit in the 'security support' phase), due to Python 3.8 reaching end-of-life.
Pygame was originally written by Pete Shinners to replace PySDL after its development stalled. [2] [8] It has been a community project since 2000 [9] and is released under the free software GNU Lesser General Public License [5] (which "provides for Pygame to be distributed with open source and commercial software" [10]).
Cython is written in Python and C and works on Windows, macOS, and Linux, producing C source files compatible with CPython 2.6, 2.7, and 3.3 and later versions. The Cython source code that Cython compiles (to C) can use both Python 2 and Python 3 syntax, defaulting to Python 2 syntax in Cython 0.x and Python 3 syntax in Cython 3.x.
Together this implies that a class in Smalltalk is an object and that, therefore a class needs to be an instance of a class (called metaclass). As an example, a car object c is an instance of the class Car. In turn, the class Car is again an object and as such an instance of the metaclass of Car called Car class. Note the blank in the name of ...
The non-Python library being called to perform the CPU-intensive task is not subject to the GIL and may concurrently execute many threads on multiple processors without restriction. Concurrency of Python code can only be achieved with separate CPython interpreter processes managed by a multitasking operating system.
Timsort has been Python's standard sorting algorithm since version 2.3 (since version 3.11 using the Powersort merge policy [5]), and is used to sort arrays of non-primitive type in Java SE 7, [6] on the Android platform, [7] in GNU Octave, [8] on V8, [9] Swift, [10] and inspired the sorting algorithm used in Rust.
Computer programming or coding is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks. [1] [2] It involves designing and implementing algorithms, step-by-step specifications of procedures, by writing code in one or more programming languages.
Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})