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The red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) is a passerine bird of the family Icteridae found in most of North America and much of Central America. It breeds from Alaska and Newfoundland south to Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, and Guatemala, with isolated populations in western El Salvador, northwestern Honduras, and northwestern Costa Rica.
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red. Thirteen species have been recorded in Indiana.
An 1824 traveler encountered a single bison near the modern location of the preserve and shot it. Bison were extirpated from Indiana by 1830. [4] Twenty-three American bison were introduced to the Kankakee Sands in October of 2016. The bison are from the Wind Cave National Park. [5] Bison were indigenous to Indiana until exterminated by 1790. [6]
Red-winged blackbird: North and much of Central America Agelaius assimilis: Red-shouldered blackbird: Cuba Agelaius tricolor: Tricolored blackbird: Pacific coast of North America, from Northern California in the U.S. (with occasional strays into Oregon), to upper Baja California in Mexico. Agelaius humeralis: Tawny-shouldered blackbird
Most icterid species live in the tropics, although many species also occur in temperate regions, such as the red-winged blackbird and the long-tailed meadowlark. The highest densities of breeding species are found in Colombia and southern Mexico. [2] They inhabit a range of habitats, including scrub, swamp, forest, and savanna. [3]
The geography of Indiana comprises the physical features of the land and relative location of U.S. State of Indiana. Indiana is in the north-central United States and borders on Lake Michigan . Surrounding states are Michigan to the north and northeast, Illinois to the west, Kentucky to the south, and Ohio to the east.
The refuge is located north of the historic firing line and surrounds a 1,000-acre (4 km 2) parcel operated by the Indiana Air National Guard. A zone used for firing tests remains off limit to the public due to the prohibitive cost of cleanup. [2]
Foods of Breeding Tri Colored Blackbirds Agelaius-Tricolor in Agricultural Areas of Merced County California USA. Condor. vol 82, no 4. p. 465–467. Unitt P. (2004). Effect of plumage wear on the identification of female Red-winged and Tricolored Blackbirds. Western Birds. vol 35, no 4. p. 228–230. Vickers ML & Hanson RP. (1980).