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  2. Scientific method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method

    The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, not the history of science itself. The development of rules for scientific reasoning has not been straightforward; scientific method has been the subject of intense and recurring debate throughout the history of science, and eminent natural philosophers and scientists have argued for the primacy of ...

  3. Scientific evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_evidence

    Scientific evidence is evidence that serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis, [1] although scientists also use evidence in other ways, such as when applying theories to practical problems. [2] Such evidence is expected to be empirical evidence and interpretable in accordance with the scientific method.

  4. History of scientific method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_scientific_method

    The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, as distinct from the history of science itself. The development of rules for scientific reasoning has not been straightforward; scientific method has been the subject of intense and recurring debate throughout the history of science, and eminent natural philosophers and scientists have argued for the ...

  5. Models of scientific inquiry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Models_of_scientific_inquiry

    It is explanatory knowledge that provides scientific understanding of the world. (Salmon, 2006, pg. 3) [1] According to the National Research Council (United States): "Scientific inquiry refers to the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence derived from their work." [2]

  6. Outline of science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_science

    It is based on observable, empirical, measurable evidence, and subject to laws of reasoning, both deductive and inductive. Empirical method – Experimental method – The steps involved to produce a reliable and logical conclusion include: Conducting initial research and asking a question about a natural phenomenon

  7. Consilience - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consilience

    In science and history, consilience (also convergence of evidence or concordance of evidence) is the principle that evidence from independent, unrelated sources can "converge" on strong conclusions. That is, when multiple sources of evidence are in agreement, the conclusion can be very strong even when none of the individual sources of evidence ...

  8. Scientific law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_law

    Scientific laws are typically conclusions based on repeated scientific experiments and observations over many years and which have become accepted universally within the scientific community. A scientific law is " inferred from particular facts, applicable to a defined group or class of phenomena , and expressible by the statement that a ...

  9. Validity (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity_(statistics)

    Statistical conclusion validity is the degree to which conclusions about the relationship among variables based on the data are correct or 'reasonable'. This began as being solely about whether the statistical conclusion about the relationship of the variables was correct, but now there is a movement towards moving to 'reasonable' conclusions ...