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Earth's rotation axis moves with respect to the fixed stars (inertial space); the components of this motion are precession and nutation. It also moves with respect to Earth's crust; this is called polar motion. Precession is a rotation of Earth's rotation axis, caused primarily by external torques from the gravity of the Sun, Moon and other bodies.
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Created by Commons user Mike1024, Earth based on File:Worldmap northern.svg: Author: Image of earth: Gringer. Scale orbits: Mike1024: Permission (Reusing this file) This image is based on a public domain image (File:Worldmap northern.svg) and is released into the public domain.
Ignoring the influence of other Solar System bodies, Earth's orbit, also called Earth's revolution, is an ellipse with the Earth–Sun barycenter as one focus with a current eccentricity of 0.0167. Since this value is close to zero, the center of the orbit is relatively close to the center of the Sun (relative to the size of the orbit).
The angles for Earth, Uranus, and Venus are approximately 23°, 97°, and 177° respectively. In astronomy , axial tilt , also known as obliquity , is the angle between an object's rotational axis and its orbital axis, which is the line perpendicular to its orbital plane ; equivalently, it is the angle between its equatorial plane and orbital ...
Models representing the ever-changing orientation of the Earth in space are available from the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. Examples include: J2000: One commonly used ECI frame is defined with the Earth's Mean Equator and Mean Equinox (MEME) at 12:00 Terrestrial Time on 1 January 2000.
Diagrams are provided to illustrate a pendulum located at the North Pole, equator, and 45 degrees N to show how the rotation of Earth in relation to the pendulum is observed, or not, at these locations. This is not a rigorous evaluation but is intended to convey information regarding the interaction of the two moving objects, the swinging ...
The oblate spheroid, or oblate ellipsoid, is an ellipsoid of revolution obtained by rotating an ellipse about its shorter axis. It is the regular geometric shape that most nearly approximates the shape of the Earth. A spheroid describing the figure of the Earth or other celestial body is called a reference ellipsoid.