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In mathematics, and especially in category theory, a commutative diagram is a diagram of objects, also known as vertices, and morphisms, also known as arrows or edges, such that when selecting two objects any directed path through the diagram leads to the same result by composition.
The web graph W 4,2 is a cube. The web graph W n,r is a graph consisting of r concentric copies of the cycle graph C n, with corresponding vertices connected by "spokes". Thus W n,1 is the same graph as C n, and W n,2 is a prism. A web graph has also been defined as a prism graph Y n+1, 3, with the edges of the outer cycle removed. [7] [10]
A 1-regular graph has no cycle, and a connected 2-regular graph has girth equal to its number of vertices, so cages are only of interest for r ≥ 3. The (r,3)-cage is a complete graph K r + 1 on r + 1 vertices, and the (r,4)-cage is a complete bipartite graph K r,r on 2r vertices. Notable cages include: (3,5)-cage: the Petersen graph, 10 vertices
A cycle graph or circular graph of order n ≥ 3 is a graph in which the vertices can be listed in an order v 1, v 2, …, v n such that the edges are the {v i, v i+1} where i = 1, 2, …, n − 1, plus the edge {v n, v 1}. Cycle graphs can be characterized as connected graphs in which the degree of all vertices is 2.
A graph with 6 vertices and 7 edges. In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects.
1. A book, book graph, or triangular book is a complete tripartite graph K 1,1,n; a collection of n triangles joined at a shared edge. 2. Another type of graph, also called a book, or a quadrilateral book, is a collection of 4-cycles joined at a shared edge; the Cartesian product of a star with an edge. 3.
C 1 is the free abelian group generated by the set of directed edges {a,b,c,d}. Each element of C 1 is called a 1-dimensional chain. The three cycles mentioned above are 1-dimensional chains, and indeed the relation (a+b+d) + (c-d) = (a+b+c) holds in the group C 1. Most elements of C 1 are not
See Families of sets for related families of non-graph combinatorial objects, graphs for individual graphs and graph families parametrized by a small number of numeric parameters, and graph theory for more general information about graph theory. See also Category:Graph operations for graphs distinguished for the specific way of their construction