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The following communist states were socialist states committed to communism. Some were short-lived and preceded the widespread adoption of Marxism–Leninism by most communist states. Russia. Chita Republic (1905–1906) Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991) Amur Socialist Soviet Republic (1918)
Certain other countries, such as Hungary, [1] Myanmar, [2] and Poland [3] have constitutions that make references to their communist and socialist past by recognizing or condemning it, but without claiming to be socialist in the present.
Since then, communist parties have governed numerous countries, whether as ruling parties in one-party states like the Chinese Communist Party or the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, or as ruling parties in multi-party systems, including majority and minority governments as well as leading or being part of several coalitions.
Of the 83 states listed here, 18 of them are republics ruled by a socialist, communist or anti-capitalist party, five of them are official socialist states ruled by a communist party; four of which espouse Marxism–Leninism (China, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam) while the fifth (North Korea) espouses Juche. [1]
The communist states have opted for two ways to achieve this goal, namely govern indirectly by Marxism–Leninism through the party (Soviet model), or commit the state officially through the constitution to Marxism–Leninism (Maoist China–Albania model). [38] The Soviet model is the most common and is currently in use in China. [39]
Chinese Communist Party: Chinese communism Maoism Marxism–Leninism: Unitary one-party socialist republic: Asia: Repub lic of Korea [30] [31] 1961: 1979: Park Chung Hee: Supreme Council for National Reconstruction Democratic Republican Party: Anti-communism Korean nationalism Korean conservatism [32] Corporatism [33] Right-wing populism [32 ...
Communism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (7 P) Communism in the Republic of the Congo (1 C, 8 P) Communism in Costa Rica (2 C, 1 P) Communism in Croatia (4 C ...
Communism by country (168 C) Socialism by former country (8 C) Socialists by nationality (186 C) Socialist movements by country (2 C, 20 P) Socialist organizations by ...