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A paraphrase or rephrase (/ ˈ p ær ə ˌ f r eɪ z /) is the rendering of the same text in different words without losing the meaning of the text itself. [1] More often than not, a paraphrased text can convey its meaning better than the original words. In other words, it is a copy of the text in meaning, but which is different from the original.
However, under the doctrine of "scènes à faire", it does not protect more general patterns, such as story themes and character prototypes. Some courts will distinguish between "literal" similarities, such as verbatim duplication or paraphrasing, and "nonliteral similarities", such as the details of a novel's plot, characters, or settings. [12]
At Yale it is the "use of another's work, words, or ideas without attribution", which includes "using a source's language without quoting, using information from a source without attribution, and paraphrasing a source in a form that stays too close to the original". [59]
The original choice of words is part of Belloc's creative expression. Going further, the simile "like an unsuccessful literary man" is also creative, and is also protected. A clumsy paraphrase like "resembling a failed writer" might violate copyright even though the words are entirely different. More than the facts have been copied.
It can also come in the form of roundabout speech wherein many words are used to describe something that already has a common and concise term (for example, saying "a tool used for cutting things such as paper and hair" instead of "scissors"). [3] Most dictionaries use circumlocution to define words.
For example, if the idea expressed is controversial, biased or offensive, uses archaic or outdated language, offensive words or inappropriate tone. If we have indicated someone "stated", "said" or "wrote" something but put that something in our own words, we should stick to a fairly direct paraphrase.
The evaluation of paraphrase generation has similar difficulties as the evaluation of machine translation. The quality of a paraphrase depends on its context, whether it is being used as a summary, and how it is generated, among other factors. Additionally, a good paraphrase usually is lexically dissimilar from its source phrase.
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