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[72] Historically, there was extensive and long-lasting racial discrimination against African Americans in the housing and mortgage markets in the United States, [73] [74] as well as discrimination against Black farmers whose numbers massively declined in post-WWII America due to anti-Black local and federal policies. [75]
Thanks to the civil rights movement, formal racial discrimination was gradually outlawed by the federal government, and gradually came to be perceived as socially and morally unacceptable by large elements of American society. Despite this, racism against Black Americans remains widespread in the U.S., as does socioeconomic inequality between ...
Major figures such as Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks [14] were involved in the fight against the race-based discrimination of the Civil Rights Movement. . Rosa Parks's refusal to give up her bus seat in 1955 sparked the Montgomery bus boycott—a large movement in Montgomery, Alabama, that was an integral period at the beginning of the Civil Rights Moveme
In the last decade, the two largest race discrimination cases brought by the federal government in the Golden State alleged widespread abuse of hundreds of Black employees at Inland Empire warehouses.
The racial wealth gap is visible in terms of dollar for dollar wage and wealth comparisons. For example, middle-class Blacks earn seventy cents for every dollar earned by similar middle-class whites. [13] Race can be seen as the "strongest predictor" of one's wealth. [29]
The drawing of school districts is rooted in real estate redlining, a form of lending discrimination against Black families that began in the 1930s. Banks in the U.S. denied mortgages to people of ...
Notably, civil liberties organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) have labeled racial profiling as a form of discrimination, stating, "Discrimination based on race, ethnicity, religion, nationality or on any other particular identity undermines the basic human rights and freedoms to which every person is entitled." [38]
By early June, at least 200 American cities had imposed curfews, while more than 30 states and Washington, D.C. had activated over 62,000 National Guard personnel into unrest. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] By the end of June, at least 14,000 people had been arrested at protests.