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[4] [5] This phenomenon of poison shyness is the rationale for poisons that kill only after multiple doses. Besides being directly toxic to the mammals that ingest them, including dogs, cats, and humans, many rodenticides present a secondary poisoning risk to animals that hunt or scavenge the dead corpses of rats. [6]
Due to need for active metabolite generation to produce toxicity, fatal toxicity may be delayed by hours to days. [4] All cases should be managed in consultation with a local poison control center . All intentional ingestions for self harm carry significant risk of death or severe neurologic effects and require monitoring in a hospital setting.
Norbormide (Raticate, Shoxin) is a toxic compound used as a rodenticide.It has several mechanisms of action, acting as a vasoconstrictor and calcium channel blocker, [1] but is selectively toxic to rats and has relatively low toxicity to other species, due to a species specific action of opening the permeability transition pores in rat mitochondria.
Similar to other rodenticides, the preparation requires 3–7 days to be effective. Rather than killing rodents through internal haemorrhaging as anticoagulants do, [9] PCC affects a rodent’s digestive system, causing acute dehydration due to its extremely absorptive nature (corn cob has been used in applications such as oil spills in water bodies, seed drying and de-icing). [10]
Diphenadione is a vitamin K antagonist that has anticoagulant effects and is used as a rodenticide against rats, mice, voles, ground squirrels and other rodents. The chemical compound is an anti-coagulant with active half-life longer than warfarin and other synthetic 1,3-indandione anticoagulants.
The effectiveness of sodium fluoroacetate as a rodenticide was reported in 1942. [3] The name "1080" refers to the catalogue number of the poison, which became its brand name. [4] The salt is synthesized by treating sodium chloroacetate with potassium fluoride. [5] Both sodium and potassium salts are derivatives of fluoroacetic acid.
Warning label on a tube of rat poison containing bromadiolone on a dike of the Scheldt river in Steendorp, Belgium. Bromadiolone is a potent anticoagulant rodenticide.It is a second-generation 4-hydroxycoumarin derivative and vitamin K antagonist, often called a "super-warfarin" for its added potency and tendency to accumulate in the liver of the poisoned organism.
Brodifacoum is a highly lethal 4-hydroxycoumarin vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant poison.In recent years, it has become one of the world's most widely used pesticides.It is typically used as a rodenticide, but is also used to control larger pests such as possums.