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The Maratha Confederacy, [a] also referred to as the Maratha Empire, [11] [12] [13] was an early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent Maratha states [ 14 ] [ 15 ] often subordinate to the former.
The Maratha rulers, belonging to the various dynasties, from the early 17th century to the early 18th century, built and ruled the Maratha Empire on the Indian subcontinent. [ 1 ] [ note 1 ] It was established by the Chhatrapati (the Maratha emperor ) in 1670s.
A Maratha Durbar showing the Chief and the nobles (Sardars, Jagirdars, Istamuradars & Mankaris) of the state. This is a list of Maratha dynasties and Maratha princely states. The word Maratha is derived from the word Maharatthi - Maharatta. [1] The Rathikas were the mighty people of Maharashtra. The Rathikas were also called Rashtriks.
Maratha forts often served as regional administrative hubs. Governors or commanders stationed at these forts oversaw local governance and implemented orders from the central authority. For example, Raigad Fort was the capital of the Maratha Empire under Shivaji, reflecting its administrative significance.
Malhar Rao Holkar (1694–1766), a Maratha chief serving Peshwa Baji Rao, established the dynasty's rule over Indore. In the 1720s, he led Maratha armies in the Malwa region, and in 1733 was granted 9 parganas in the vicinity of Indore by the Peshwa.
During his tenure, Maratha power recovered from the losses suffered during the Third Battle of Panipat, a phenomenon known as Maratha Resurrection. Repaired the recently weakened administration, treasury, and accounts of the Maratha Empire. He died of tuberculosis in 1772; a memorial commemorating his greatness stands at Peshwe Park in Pune.
In 1676, the Maratha Peshwa Moropant faced a major setback when Siddi Qasim, with the Mughal fleet, launched a surprise attack on the besiegers. This forced the Marathas to retreat, and despite Shivaji's efforts, he was unable to capture the Janjira fort from the Siddis during his lifetime.
It was ruled by the Maratha Bhonsle dynasty in the mid-18th century. The city of Nagpur was the capital of the state. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, it became a princely state of the British Empire in 1818, and was annexed to British India in 1853 becoming Nagpur Province.
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