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A blowout is the uncontrolled release of crude oil and/or natural gas from an oil well or gas well after pressure control systems have failed. [1] Modern wells have blowout preventers intended to prevent such an occurrence.
Oil well control is one of the most important aspects of drilling operations. Improper handling of kicks in oil well control can result in blowouts with very grave consequences, including the loss of valuable resources and also lives of field personnel. Even though the cost of a blowout (as a result of improper/no oil well control) can easily ...
A blowout preventer (BOP) (pronounced B-O-P) [1] is a specialized valve or similar mechanical device, used to seal, control and monitor oil and gas wells to prevent blowouts, the uncontrolled release of crude oil or natural gas from a well. They are usually installed in stacks of other valves.
Oilfield service companies may produce, maintain, and repair equipment used in oil extraction and oil transportation. [1] In 2019, the global oilfield services market was US $ 267.8 billion. [ 2 ]
When the well has been drilled, it is completed to provide an interface with the reservoir rock and a tubular conduit for the well fluids. The surface pressure control is provided by a Christmas tree , which is installed on top of the wellhead, with isolation valves and choke equipment to control the flow of well fluids during production.
The Cameron ram-type blowout preventer was the first successful blowout preventer (BOP) for oil wells. It was developed by James S. Abercrombie and Harry S. Cameron in 1922. [1] [2] The device was issued U.S. patent 1,569,247 on January 12, 1926. [3] The blowout preventer was designated as a Mechanical Engineering Landmark in 2003. [1] [2] [4]
Well X has a measured depth of 9,800 ft and a true vertical depth of 9,800 ft while well Y has measured depth of 10,380 ft while its true vertical depth is 9,800 ft. To calculate the hydrostatic pressure of the bottom hole, the true vertical depth is used because gravity acts (pulls) vertically down the hole.
Only in rare and catastrophic cases, do oil and gas wells come in with a fountain of gushing oil. In real life, that is a blowout—and usually also a financial and environmental disaster. But controlling blowouts has drawbacks—mud filtrate soaks into the formation around the borehole and a mud cake plasters the sides of the hole.
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