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Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), also called Benson's syndrome, is a rare form of dementia which is considered a visual variant or an atypical variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The disease causes atrophy of the posterior part of the cerebral cortex , resulting in the progressive disruption of complex visual processing . [ 4 ]
A 2024 study indicated it was found to have the highest hazard ratio among antipsychotics associated with dementia risk: with a hazard ratio of 4.42 (95% confidence interval 1.99-9.81) for all cause dementia; [60] the risk appeared to be elevated when the medication was administered in long-acting injectable form compared to oral administration ...
Childhood dementia is very often diagnosed late, misdiagnosed, or not diagnosed at all. [9] A correct diagnosis happens, on average, 2 years or more after symptoms become apparent. Additionally, children affected by childhood dementia are often misdiagnosed with: Autism [16] [9] [17] Developmental or intellectual delay [16] [9] ADHD [9] Others [9]
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an early onset disorder that mostly occurs between the ages of 45 and 65, [13] but can begin earlier, and in 20–25% of cases onset is later. [11] [14] Men and women appear to be equally affected. [15] It is the most common early presenting dementia. [16]
After the age of 50, [2] median 76 [3] Duration: Long term [4] Causes: Unknown [4] Diagnostic method: Based on symptoms and biomarkers [1] Differential diagnosis: Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease dementia, certain mental illnesses, vascular dementia [5] Medication: Donepezil, rivastigmine and memantine; [6] melatonin [7] Prognosis
Dementia-like symptoms have been found in some individuals who have been exposed to glucocorticoid medication, often dispensed in the form of asthma, arthritis, and anti-inflammatory steroid. [2] The term "steroid dementia" was coined by Varney et al. (1984) in reference to the effects of long-term glucocorticoid use in 1,500 patients. [3]
Researchers found that liraglutide, a GLP-1 agonist similar to Ozempic and Wegovy, could cut the risk of dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes by as much as 50%.
From the age of 60 years (10%) to the age of 80 years (60%), the proportion of people with senile plaques increases linearly. Women are slightly more likely to have plaques than are men. [ 45 ] [ 44 ] Both plaques and Alzheimer's disease also are more common in aging persons with trisomy -21 ( Down syndrome ).