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The French protectorate in Morocco, [4] also known as French Morocco, was the period of French colonial rule in Morocco that lasted from 1912 to 1956. [5] The protectorate was officially established 30 March 1912, when Sultan Abd al-Hafid signed the Treaty of Fez, though the French military occupation of Morocco had begun with the invasion of Oujda and the bombardment of Casablanca in 1907.
The Treaty of Fes (Arabic: معاهدة فاس, French: Traité de Fès), officially the Treaty Concluded Between France and Morocco on 30 March 1912, for the Organization of the French Protectorate in the Sharifian Empire (Traité conclu entre la France et le Maroc le 30 mars 1912, pour l'organisation du protectorat français dans l'Empire chérifien), [2] was a treaty signed by Sultan Abd al ...
Languages of Morocco. Arabic, particularly the Moroccan Arabic dialect, is the most widely spoken language in Morocco, [ 1] but a number of regional and foreign languages are also spoken. The official languages of Morocco are Modern Standard Arabic and Standard Moroccan Berber. [ 7] Moroccan Arabic (known as Darija) is by far the primary spoken ...
Jean Besancenot and French president Albert Lebrun at the exhibition Types et costumes du Maroc in Paris 1937. Besancenot was born as Jean Girard on 24 September 1902 in Estrées-Saint-Denis of northern France. [4]
The Dictionnaire de l'Académie française is the official dictionary of the French language . The Académie française is France's official authority on the usages, vocabulary, and grammar of the French language, although its recommendations carry no legal power. Sometimes, even governmental authorities disregard the Académie's rulings.
Members of this group, notably Louis Massignon, a scholar of Islam, and René Bazin, author of a biography, La Vie de Charles de Foucauld Explorateur en Maroc, Ermite du Sahara (1923), kept his memory alive and inspired the family of lay and religious fraternities. Though French in origin, these groups have expanded to include many cultures and ...
French is widely used in governmental institutions, media, mid-size and large companies, international commerce with French-speaking countries, and often in international diplomacy. French is taught as an obligatory language in all schools. In 2010, there were 10,366,000 French-speakers in Morocco, or about 32% of the population. [226] [4]
Modern Standard Arabic and Standard Moroccan Berber are the official languages of Morocco, [15] while Moroccan Arabic is the national vernacular dialect; [16] Berber languages are spoken in some mountain areas, such as Tarifit, spoken by 1.2 million, [17] Central Atlas Tamazight, spoken by 2.3 million, [17] and Tashelhit, spoken by 3 to 4.7 million. [17]