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2. Diamond (gemstone) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_(gemstone)

   Diamond[ a] is a gemstone formed by cutting a raw diamond. Diamonds are one of the best-known and most sought-after gems, and they have been used as decorative items since ancient times. The hardness of diamond and its high dispersion of light —giving the diamond its characteristic "fire"—make it useful for industrial applications and ...

3. Jewels of Mary, Queen of Scots - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewels_of_Mary,_Queen_of_Scots

   Jewels for immediate or regular use were kept near her bedchamber. One of her French gentlewomen, Mademoiselle Rallay, was given lengths of linen, called "plette", to keep these jewels in. [57] Mary had several sets of back and fore "garnishings" sometimes with a matching necklace. These were worn on the headband or coif over the forehead.

4. Medieval jewelry - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Jewelry

   Medieval jewelry. The Dunstable Swan Jewel, a livery badge in gold and ronde bosse enamel, about 1400. The Middle Ages was a period that spanned approximately 1000 years and is normally restricted to Europe and the Byzantine Empire. The material remains we have from that time, including jewelry, can vary greatly depending on the place and time ...

5. Tiffany & Co. - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_&_Co.

   Tiffany & Co. was founded in 1837 by Charles Lewis Tiffany and John B. Young, [ 15] in New York City, as a "stationery and fancy goods emporium", with the help of Charles Tiffany's father, who financed the store for only $1,000 with profits from a cotton mill. [ 16] The store initially sold a wide variety of stationery items and, as of 1837 ...

6. Jewellery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewellery

   Jewellery (or jewelry in American English) consists of decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, pendants, bracelets, and cufflinks. Jewellery may be attached to the body or the clothes. From a western perspective, the term is restricted to durable ornaments, excluding flowers for example.

7. Tanzanite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanite

   Tanzanite is only found in Simanjiro District of Manyara Region in Tanzania, in a very small mining area approximately 7 km (4.3 mi) long and 2 km (1.2 mi) wide [4] near the Mererani Hills. [ 5 ] Tanzanite is noted for its remarkably strong trichroism , appearing alternately blue, violet and burgundy depending on crystal orientation. [ 6 ]

8. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including ( clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

9. Gemological Institute of America - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemological_Institute_of...

   The Gemological Institute of America ( GIA) is a nonprofit institute based in Carlsbad, California. It is dedicated to research and education in the field of gemology and the jewelry arts. [ 1] Founded in 1931, GIA's mission is to protect buyers and sellers of gemstones by setting and maintaining the standards used to evaluate gemstone quality.