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At the time, political and economic conditions in Indonesia were very difficult and economic data were hard to obtain and of doubtful reliability. [2] It was believed, however, that the establishment of a journal would help underpin the proposed work of the newly formed Indonesia Project in promoting international research on Indonesian ...
The economy of Indonesia is a mixed economy with dirigiste characteristics, [31] [32] and it is one of the emerging market economies in the world and the largest in Southeast Asia. As an upper-middle income country and member of the G20 , Indonesia is classified as a newly industrialized country . [ 33 ]
Corruption is an important development challenge that poses economic and social costs in Indonesia. Interference in public laws and policies for the sake of personal or private gain has weakened the competitiveness of Indonesia. [8] About one-quarter of ministries suffer from budgetary diversions in Indonesia. Households spent approximately 1% ...
The Dutch also wanted to maintain a regional presence and to secure their economic interests in Indonesia. [50] On the other hand, Indonesia regarded West New Guinea as an intrinsic part of the country on the basis that Indonesia was the successor state to the Dutch East Indies.
The council only produces presidential studies containing strategic economic policy formulations and recommendations reserved for the president's eyes only. [5] The coordination of economic affairs is done by the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs , except fiscal and monetary which are the domains of the Ministry of Finance .
A Pancasila economy can be considered an example of a mixed economy or a third way economic system. [ 2 ] A Pancasila economy is seen as a counterbalance to a neoclassical approach promoting individualism and free markets [ 3 ] that is adapted the values of Indonesian society, including religious values, culture, customs and norms.
The "Old Order" (1950–1965) in Indonesia has long been understood to be a period of turmoil and crisis, characterized by rebellions and political unrest. The weakness of Indonesia's democracy and its gradual transition to authoritarianism during the Old Order can be attributed to conventional modernization theory, which suggests that without strong socioeconomic structures, successful ...