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Erosional submarine canyons slope downward and lead to alluvial fan valleys with increasing depth. [2] It is in this zone that sediment is deposited, forming the continental rise. Alluvial fans such as the Bengal Fan, which stretches 3,000 kilometers (1,900 miles), make up one of the largest sedimentary structures in the world. [1]
It is one of the three major zones of the ocean floor, the other two being deep-ocean basins and mid-ocean ridges. The continental margin consists of three different features: the continental rise, the continental slope, and the continental shelf. [1] Continental margins constitute about 28% of the oceanic area. [2]
Arthur Holmes proposed the more plausible mechanism of mantle convection, [16] which, together with evidence provided by the mapping of the ocean floor following the Second World War, led to the development and acceptance of the theory of plate tectonics. This theory provides the widely-accepted explanation for the existence and breakup of Pangaea.
Subsided house, called The Crooked House, the result of 19th-century mining subsidence in Staffordshire, England Mam Tor road destroyed by subsidence and shear, near Castleton, Derbyshire Subsidence is a general term for downward vertical movement of the Earth's surface, which can be caused by both natural processes and human activities.
Map of Pangaea with modern continental outlines. The supercontinent cycle is the quasi-periodic aggregation and dispersal of Earth's continental crust.There are varying opinions as to whether the amount of continental crust is increasing, decreasing, or staying about the same, but it is agreed that the Earth's crust is constantly being reconfigured.
Panhole: a shallow depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping, cohesive rock. [2] Collapse-related: Sinkhole: a depression formed as a result of the collapse of rocks lying above a hollow. This is common in karst regions. Kettle: a shallow, sediment-filled body of water formed by melting glacial remnants in terminal moraines. [3]
The observation was made by Ormonde de Kay in a 1973 tongue-in-cheek paper, which he introduced as "another earth-shaking new theory derived from simply looking at maps." [ 1 ] It satirizes the acceptance of plate tectonics theory as it was being formulated and refined at the time to describe the movement of the Earth's continents that is now ...
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3,000 and 6,000 metres (9,800 and 19,700 ft).Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth's surface.