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Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product that is used industrially or domestically to remove color from (i.e. to whiten) fabric or fiber (in a process called bleaching) or to disinfect after cleaning.
Sodium hypochlorite is still the most important chlorine-based bleach. [10] [11] Its corrosive properties, common availability, and reaction products make it a significant safety risk. In particular, mixing liquid bleach with other cleaning products, such as acids found in limescale-removing products, will release toxic chlorine gas.
Calcium hypochlorite is a general oxidizing agent and therefore finds some use in organic chemistry. [6] For instance the compound is used to cleave glycols, α-hydroxy carboxylic acids and keto acids to yield fragmented aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [7] Calcium hypochlorite can also be used in the haloform reaction to manufacture chloroform. [8]
Common examples include sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) and calcium hypochlorite (a component of bleaching powder, swimming pool "chlorine"). [1] The Cl-O distance in ClO − is 1.69 Å. [2] The name can also refer to esters of hypochlorous acid, namely organic compounds with a ClO– group covalently bound to the rest of the molecule.
Percent active chlorine in these materials ranges from 20% for bleaching powder to 70% for HTH. Potassium hypochlorite, KOCl. This was the first chlorine-based bleaching agent, which became available around 1785 under the name Eau de Javel or "Javel water". It is no longer commonly used, having been superseded by the cheaper sodium analog.
The term "bleach" originates from a French word signifying "to whiten." In essence, the process of bleaching involves whitening by removing substances that impart color to the material undergoing the bleaching treatment. [26] Bleaching is the process of decolorizing the material after it has been scoured.
To use, add 10 drops of essential oil and three cups of water to a spray bottle, shake well and spray on home surfaces. Then wipe away with a clean cloth or paper towel.
Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, which is principally used in the production of polymers. [5] Benzoyl peroxide is mainly used in production of plastics [5] [6] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles. [7] [8] As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant. [6] [8]