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An example of Ibid. citations in use, from Justice by Michael J. Sandel.. Ibid. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning ' in the same place ', commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item.
Below are some example citations (using the examples outlined above) and a sample reference list below, except this time, they will display like they would in an article. If you look at the reference list, next to reference 1, it says a b. Click on one of those letters next to the citation. a will
For a citation to appear in a footnote, it needs to be enclosed in "ref" tags. You can add these by typing <ref> at the front of the citation and </ref> at the end. . Alternatively you may notice above the edit box there is a row of "markup" formatting buttons which include a <ref></ref> button to the right—if you highlight your whole citation and then click this markup button, it will ...
This page in a nutshell: Using citation templates is a good idea When writing articles, consider using citation templates to construct your references . While, current Wikipedia consensus is neutral on the question of citation templates, they provide several advantages compared to hand-written references.
The easiest way to start citing on Wikipedia is to see a basic example. The example here will show you how to cite a newspaper article using the {} template (see Citation quick reference for other types of citations). Copy and paste the following immediately after what you want to reference:
date: date of publication, in same format as dates in the body of the article. pages or page: the page number or numbers of the relevant information (e.g. pages=31-32 or page=157). Note that "pages" overrides "page" if they are both present. access-date: Date when item was accessed, in same format as dates in the body of the article.
Finding duplicate references by examining reference lists is difficult. There are some tools that can help: AutoWikiBrowser (AWB) will identify and (usually) correct exact duplicates between <ref>...</ref> tags. See the documentation. URL Extractor For Web Pages and Text can identify Web citations with the exact same URL but otherwise possibly ...
In addition, {} and {} can also create internal wikilinks, and may also be used to create wikilinks to other pages, such as linking to a CITEREF anchor from the article Talk page (or from any page, like this ), or to an anchor in a foreign Wikipedia article (like this ) and may also be used inside another citation.