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A floodplain or flood plain or bottomlands [1] is an area of land adjacent to a river. Floodplains stretch from the banks of a river channel to the base of the enclosing valley, and experience flooding during periods of high discharge. [2] The soils usually consist of clays, silts, sands, and gravels deposited during floods. [3]
Floodplain restoration can also increase biodiversity by creating new or restoring degraded habitat and encourage growth of native species. [7] [8] Methods of wetland restoration in the floodplain, can help better water quality. [9] Reconnecting rivers to their floodplains promotes carbon storage in soil and regulates processes within soil. [8]
The map to the right shows a flood map for the City of York, including the floodplain for a 1 in 100-year flood (dark blue), the predicted floodplain for a 1 in 1000 year flood (light blue) and low-lying areas in need of flood defence (purple). The most sustainable way of reducing risk is to prevent further development in flood-prone areas and ...
Ohio is expected to experience greater amounts of precipitation, but less snowfall in the winter due to the higher temperatures. [1] Accordingly, the risk of flooding in Ohio is due to increase. [2] Greater heavy rainfall in the Midwest are leading to soil erosion and nutrient loss. [4]
Cross Sectional Diagram of a Two Stage Drainage Ditch . A drainage ditch is a depression in the land created to channel water.Drainage ditches are typically formed around low-lying areas, roadsides or fields proximate to a water body or created to channel water from a more distant water source for the purpose of plant irrigation.
The process is often a result of a sudden fall in sea level or the rise of land. The disturbance enables a rise in the river's gravitational potential energy change per unit distance, increasing its riverbed erosion rate. The erosion occurs as a result of the river adjusting to its new base level. [1]
Fluvial terraces are elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and fluvial valleys all over the world. They consist of a relatively level strip of land, called a "tread", separated from either an adjacent floodplain, other fluvial terraces, or uplands by distinctly steeper strips of land called "risers".
Riparian zones may be natural or engineered for soil stabilization or restoration. [8] These zones are important natural biofilters, protecting aquatic environments from excessive sedimentation, polluted surface runoff, and erosion. [9] They supply shelter and food for many aquatic animals and shade that limits stream temperature change. [10]