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  2. X-ray diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_diffraction

    This is the method used in the original discovery of X-ray diffraction. Laue scattering provides much structural information with only a short exposure to the X-ray beam, and is therefore used in structural studies of very rapid events (time resolved crystallography). However, it is not as well-suited as monochromatic scattering for determining ...

  3. X-ray crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

    An X-ray diffraction pattern of a crystallized enzyme. The pattern of spots (reflections) and the relative strength of each spot (intensities) can be used to determine the structure of the enzyme. The relative intensities of the reflections provides information to determine the arrangement of molecules within the crystal in atomic detail.

  4. Mammography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammography

    The same review found that mammography significantly decreased the risk of advanced cancer among women aged 50 and older by 38%, but among those aged 39 to 49 the risk reduction was a non-significant 2%. [83] The USPSTF made their review based on data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) studying breast cancer in women between the ages of 40-49.

  5. X-ray scattering techniques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_scattering_techniques

    Inelastically scattered X-rays have intermediate phases and so in principle are not useful for X-ray crystallography. In practice X-rays with small energy transfers are included with the diffraction spots due to elastic scattering, and X-rays with large energy transfers contribute to the background noise in the diffraction pattern.

  6. Small-angle X-ray scattering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-angle_X-ray_scattering

    Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a small-angle scattering technique by which nanoscale density differences in a sample can be quantified. This means that it can determine nanoparticle size distributions, resolve the size and shape of (monodisperse) macromolecules, determine pore sizes and characteristic distances of partially ordered materials. [1]

  7. X-ray filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_filter

    X-ray filters are also used for X-ray diffraction, in determinations of the interatomic spaces of crystalline solids. These lattice spacings can be determined using Bragg diffraction, but this technique requires scans to be done with approximately monochromatic X-ray beams. Thus, filter set ups like the copper nickel system described above are ...

  8. Wide-angle X-ray scattering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-angle_X-ray_scattering

    The term WAXS is commonly used in polymer sciences to differentiate it from SAXS but many scientists doing "WAXS" would describe the measurements as Bragg/X-ray/powder diffraction or crystallography. Wide-angle X-ray scattering is similar to small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) but the increasing angle between the sample and detector is probing ...

  9. Backscatter X-ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backscatter_X-ray

    Backscatter X-ray is an advanced X-ray imaging technology. Traditional X-ray machines detect hard and soft materials by the variation in x-ray intensity transmitted through the target. In contrast, backscatter X-ray detects the radiation that reflects from the target. It has potential applications where less-destructive examination is required ...