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  2. Optical properties of water and ice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_properties_of...

    Absorption of light in water. The refractive index of water at 20 °C for visible light is 1.33. [1] The refractive index of normal ice is 1.31 (from List of refractive indices). In general, an index of refraction is a complex number with real and imaginary parts, where the latter indicates the strength of absorption loss at a particular ...

  3. Photoluminescence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoluminescence

    Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. The technique itself is fast, contactless, and nondestructive.

  4. Properties of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_water

    Water (H 2 O) is a polar inorganic compound that is at room temperature a tasteless and odorless liquid, which is nearly colorless apart from an inherent hint of blue.It is by far the most studied chemical compound [20] and is described as the "universal solvent" [21] and the "solvent of life". [22]

  5. Characterization (materials science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characterization...

    Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. Some common examples of spectroscopy techniques include:

  6. Piezospectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezospectroscopy

    Piezospectroscopy (also known as photoluminescence piezospectroscopy) is an analytical technique that reveals internal stresses in alumina-containing materials, ...

  7. Analysis of water chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_water_chemistry

    In drinking water supplies the cause of unacceptable quality can similarly be determined by carefully targeted chemical analysis of samples taken throughout the distribution system. [8] In manufacturing, off-spec products may be directly tied back to unexpected changes in wet processing stages and analytical chemistry can identify which stages ...

  8. Chemiluminescence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiluminescence

    Chemiluminescence (also chemoluminescence) is the emission of light (luminescence) as the result of a chemical reaction, i.e. a chemical reaction results in a flash or glow of light. A standard example of chemiluminescence in the laboratory setting is the luminol test.

  9. Spectrochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrochemistry

    Spectrochemistry is the application of spectroscopy in several fields of chemistry. It includes analysis of spectra in chemical terms, and use of spectra to derive the structure of chemical compounds, and also to qualitatively and quantitively analyze their presence in the sample.