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  2. Automatic calculation of particle interaction or decay

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_calculation_of...

    Particle accelerators or colliders produce collisions (interactions) of particles (like the electron or the proton).The colliding particles form the Initial State.In the collision, particles can be annihilated or/and exchanged producing possibly different sets of particles, the Final States.

  3. Bubble column reactor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_column_reactor

    In this case, the solid particle size (typically a catalyst) ranges from 5 to 100 μm. These three-phase reactors are referred to us as slurry bubble columns. [4] The liquid flow rate may be fed co-currently or counter-currently to the rising bubbles, or it may be zero. In the latter case, the column operates in batch condition. [1]

  4. Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

    Standard Model of Particle Physics. The diagram shows the elementary particles of the Standard Model (the Higgs boson, the three generations of quarks and leptons, and the gauge bosons), including their names, masses, spins, charges, chiralities, and interactions with the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces.

  5. Chemical graph generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_graph_generator

    A well-known commercial CASE system, StrucEluc, [20] also features a NMR based generator. This tool is from ACD Labs and, notably, one of the developers of MASS, Mikhail Elyashberg. COCON [21] is another NMR based structure generator, relying on theoretical data sets for structure generation. Except J-HMBC and J-COSY, all NMR types can be used ...

  6. Random phase approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_phase_approximation

    Bubble diagrams, which result in the RPA when summed up. Solid lines stand for interacting or non-interacting Green's functions , dashed lines for two-particle interactions. The random phase approximation ( RPA ) is an approximation method in condensed matter physics and nuclear physics .

  7. Fluidized bed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluidized_bed

    The groups are defined by their locations on a diagram of solid-fluid density difference and particle size. Design methods for fluidised beds can be tailored based upon the particle's Geldart grouping: [11] Group A For this group the particle size is between 20 and 100 μm, and the particle density is typically less than 1.4g/cm 3. Prior to the ...

  8. Particle-size distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle-size_distribution

    The log-normal distribution is often used to approximate the particle size distribution of aerosols, aquatic particles and pulverized material. The Weibull distribution or Rosin–Rammler distribution is a useful distribution for representing particle size distributions generated by grinding, milling and crushing operations.

  9. Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

    Interactions in the Standard Model. All Feynman diagrams in the model are built from combinations of these vertices. q is any quark, g is a gluon, X is any charged particle, γ is a photon, f is any fermion, m is any particle with mass (with the possible exception of the neutrinos), m B is any boson with mass. In diagrams with multiple particle ...